![]() ![]() All test material is available “open source”. The test can be administered via the internet. The picture-based doping-BIAT constitutes a psychometrically tested method, ready to be adopted by the international research community. There was a low error rate (7%) and a satisfactory internal consistency ( r tt = .66) for the picture-based doping-BIAT. The doping-BIAT and PEAS scores correlated significantly at r = .50 for bodybuilders, and not significantly at r = .36 for handball players. ResultsĪs expected, in the group of bodybuilders, indirectly measured doping attitudes as tested with the picture-based doping-BIAT were significantly less negative (η 2 = .11). The Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) was employed as a corresponding direct measure in order to additionally validate the results. Methodįollowing a known-group differences validation strategy, the doping attitudes of 43 athletes from bodybuilding (representative for a highly doping prone sport) and handball (as a contrast group) were compared using the picture-based doping-BIAT. It shall provide the basis for a transnationally compatible research instrument able to harmonize anti-doping research efforts. The present study serves the development and validation of a novel picture-based brief implicit association test (BIAT) for testing athletes’ attitudes towards doping in sport. Indirect tests are especially useful when socially sensitive constructs such as attitudes towards doping need to be described. Indirect reaction-time based attitude tests, such as the implicit association test, conceal the ultimate goal of measurement from the participant better than questionnaires. Statistical student’s t-test and F test showed insignificant systematic error between proposed and official methods.Doping attitude is a key variable in predicting athletes’ intention to use forbidden performance enhancing drugs. The KCSE electrode was successfully used for the determination of the ketamine content in ampoule and urine samples with satisfactory results. The selective coefficients were determined in relation to several inorganic, organic ions, sugars and some common drug excipients. The coated wire electrode has short response time ∼8 s and it can be used in pH range of 2.6–6.4. The sensor displays Nernstian response of 55.8 ± 0.3 mV/decade over the concentration range of 2.5 × 10 −6 to 1.0 × 10 −2 M with limit of detection of 8.5 × 10 −7 M. ![]() The influence of membrane composition, type of solvent mediators, kind of electroactive materials and interfering ions on the sensor was investigated. A new ketamine coated silver electrode (KCSE) based on ketamine hydrochloride with sodium tetraphenylborate (KT-TPB) as electroactive material has been described. ![]()
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